Tuesday 22 January 2019

A mini solution to nuclear mess

Fine article by Anthony Hilton in the Evening Standard:

... there is another option, though not one which environmentalists favour, and that is small modular reactors.

Rolls-Royce has been making and maintaining the power plants which drive the nuclear-powered submarines carrying Britain’s nuclear deterrent since at least the Sixties. Today it is the largest employer of nuclear scientists and engineers in the country, with a range of expertise matched by only a handful of countries round the world.

It hit on the bright idea of using this expertise to develop similar-sized mini nuclear power plants which could be made in a factory, transported on a lorry and used to generate enough electricity to supply a city the size of Leeds. It saw a huge opportunity to secure world leadership in an emerging technology which could be worth more than £100 billion in exports from 2030 onwards.

It argued that these units provide a practical alternative to vast plants such as Hinkley which, because they are so big and complex, are almost always one-offs with costs to match. SMRs in contrast would be one design with standardised components reaping the benefits of factory-based volume production so that the economies of standardisation would trump the economies of scale.

The country has committed itself to becoming a low-carbon economy. The company argues its SMRs would be a cheaper way than building big new nuclear plants to supply the secure, reliable low-carbon electricity baseload the country will need for this to happen. It would also be timely, which is important given how little spare capacity there is in the UK generating industry.

But as the technology needed government funding this would have required a radical change in how Whitehall operates, which is simply impossible. It required Government to make a commitment to an industrial policy which supports UK intellectual property, advanced manufacturing and long-term high-value jobs in the UK.


Here's the tricky bit:

It required Government to make available resources so the licensing and safety-assessment programme could run smoothly and remove the risk of the whole thing being endlessly delayed. It required further long-term thinking in the form of a promise to buy at least seven of the plants so that Rolls-Royce could capture the economies of scale in manufacturing which are essential to bringing the costs down.

It required Government to be willing to provide matched funding in the development phase of the project. And finally it required Government support to assist the company in fully developing its export markets.

Needless to say the Government has declined to do this and Rolls-Royce as a result is no longer speculatively prepared to pour in its own funds and has mothballed the project. So the chances are that we will not have small nuclear reactors either, other than in our submarines.

10 comments:

Matt said...

If it can make £100 billion then why does it need a de-facto government subsidy for it?

Presumably, RR could either fund it themselves or get outside finance.

I think it's a given that the regulatory environment for nuclear is such that no-one with any sense wants to get burned by investing and then the rules change to suit the latest 'green' fad.

Lola said...

Yeah. This has been postulated for years. Nuclear Aircraft carriers power plants have the same opportunity.

Quite frankly once, the first 7 or so have been made and installed the unit cost comes down quite a bit. So each town could have its own nuclear power station.

Whats not to like.

Lola said...

In fact I'd go far as to say that such micro nuclear generation would become stunningly cheap, such the life cycle costs including disposal of nuclear waste and decommissioning become the largest element of that cost.

There would also be security issues. Probably.

Derek said...

The Japanese have already offered a commercial solution for this, the Toshiba 4S. This thing is tiny and ready to go.

benj said...

The economies of scale from larger reactors provide the cheapest solution so long as a)they are built in series(benefiting from learning curve) b) there is a stable regulatory regime reducing risk.

As it happens, half the cost of Hinkley will now be in interest.

Though smaller reactors are more costly to build per KW generated, they present less uncertainly and risk compared to their larger brethren.

This is the best conventional design

https://analysis.nuclearenergyinsider.com/ge-hitachi-chases-gas-plant-displacement-new-300-mw-reactor

This is the best genIV

https://www.moltexenergy.com/learnmore/An_Introduction_Moltex_Energy_Technology_Portfolio.pdf

And analysis by Dieter Helm

http://www.dieterhelm.co.uk/energy/energy/nuclear-lessons-for-energy-policy/

http://www.dieterhelm.co.uk/energy/energy/the-nuclear-rab-model/

john b said...

Mildly amused to see the piece about a contractor demanding immense government subsidies for some unworkable science fiction nonsense appear in my feed immediately after the piece defining rent seeking.

Mark Wadsworth said...

JB, it's not sci fi. They have small reactors in nuclearsubmarines.

benj said...

@MW

Submarine reactors are really very different from a commercialised power plant. Very little crossover in design. So RR would be starting more or less from scratch. Which the are big enough to do, but quite costly.

This is why the GE/Hitachi proposal is more realistic. They've got the experience and already invested many millions in R&D in this area over the years.

MikeW said...

BJ. I am not so sure about 'from scratch', but take your point about the different designs. 'Jason', for example, was under the floorboards at Greenwich Naval College from 1950's right up until the 1990s.

Mark Wadsworth said...

BJ, you know more about the details than I do, it's the principle that matters. The Russians use submarine-type reactors to generate electricity where they need it, French nuclear sub reactors are used to generate electricity to power turbines etc.